Passeggiata del Gianicolo

Roma Capitale describes two great plane-lined avenues flanking Villa Aurelia and meeting at piazzale Garibaldi, and a single road descending in hairpins to Sant'Onofrio, completed in 1939. The ridge saw the fighting of 1849; in 1883 the new Italian State and the Comune bought the ground and made it a promenade dedicated to the memory of the Defence of Rome. Roma Capitale states that the works on the new promenade as far as Sant'Onofrio began in October 1883 and were finished in 1896, though parts were usable from 1887, and that eighty-four busts now stand along the avenues, among them four foreign Garibaldians: the Englishman John Peard, the Finn Herman Lijkanen, the Hungarian Istvan Turr and the Bulgarian Petko Voivoda. The laying out had begun under the papal government, with a bust of Torquato Tasso placed in 1857 by the old oak.