Monumento a Giuseppe Mazzini

Proposed to the Chamber of Deputies in 1887 and again in 1890 under Crispi; the commission went to Ferrari in 1902, he presented a maquette in 1905, and in 1911 he removed the Doric tempietto that would have crowned it. The revised design was approved in 1914 with the Aventine slope chosen as its site and the first stone was laid in 1922, but work slowed under Fascism's hostility to Freemasonry, Ferrari and Mazzini both being Masons. At Ferrari's death in 1929 the statues and groups were finished. In 1934 the new via del Circo Massimo opened with piazzale Romolo e Remo, today piazzale Ugo La Malfa, where the broad travertine-benched exedra around the future monument was built. Work resumed in 1948 under the sculptor's son Gian Giacomo Ferrari and the sculptor Ettore Guastalla, and the monument was inaugurated on 2 June 1949, the centenary of the Roman Republic of 1849. It was restored in 1999 and 2000.