Terme di Caracalla
Historic site · San Saba, Italy
An imperial bath complex on three descending terraces. The Soprintendenza Speciale di Roma describes a rectangular outer precinct, holding two symmetrical libraries on the south side, latrines east and west and the cisterns, enclosing a central block laid out on a single axis: calidarium, tepidarium, frigidarium and the natatio, which was open to the sky, with two palestre and the changing rooms symmetrically east and west and an upper floor over the palestre used for depilation and massage. The main entrances were on the north front, over tabernae opening onto the via Nova. About two kilometres of underground galleries run beneath, carrying the furnaces and boilers, a water plant, a mill and a Mithraeum with its fossa sanguinis. The Soprintendenza gives the hours as closed Monday; 1 to 28 March 9.00 to 17.30, last admission 16.30; 29 March to 31 August 9.00 to 19.15, last admission 18.00; 1 to 30 September 9.00 to 19.00, last admission 18.00; 1 to 25 October 9.00 to 18.30, last admission 17.30; 26 October to 28 February 9.00 to 16.30, last admission 15.30. Tickets are nominative and are sold only through the Musei Italiani portal, the Musei Italiani app, or the ticket desks and automatic totems on site. The Soprintendenza states that additional services such as guided visits or skip-the-line are not offered. Site telephone 348 7964477; the responsabile is Dott. Rocco Bochicchio.
History
Built for Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Bassianus, called Caracalla, and inaugurated in 216 AD. The Soprintendenza Speciale di Roma states that the baths were built in five years, that the works continued past Caracalla's death in 217 and were finished under Elagabalus and Alexander Severus, and that the complex was restored above all under Constantine. It was supplied by the Aqua Antoniniana, an aqueduct branch built for it, and stopped working in 537 AD, when Vitiges cut the aqueducts during the Gothic siege. On the south-east side of the complex is the Domus di Vigna Guidi, discovered between 1858 and 1869 by Giovan Battista Guidi, honorary inspector of Ancient Monuments, covered over, then excavated and studied again from 1970, and returned to display in 2022 after restoration; a sacello there shows the Egyptian deities Anubis, Isis and probably Osiris, facing Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. It is included in the ordinary ticket, and the Soprintendenza states it is closed to the public on particularly crowded days, such as the first Sunday of the month, to protect the frescoes. The Teatro dell'Opera di Roma programmes a Caracalla Festival, which it lists as a strand of its season.
Visit
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 52, 00153 Roma RM
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