I monumenti donati di Villa Borghese

Foreign states and associations have given Villa Borghese a long series of statues, standing along the avenues around Piazzale Ferdowsi and Viale Madama Letizia. In date order: Wolfgang Goethe, 1904, on viale Goethe, in Carrara marble by Valentino Casali, given by Wilhelm II of Germany, with three groups at the base for the dramatic, lyric and didactic strands of Goethe's poetics, Iphigenia and Orestes, Mignon and Lothario, and Faust and Mephistopheles; Victor Hugo, 1905, at Piazzale Victor Hugo, by Lucien Pallez, given by the Franco-Italian League; Umberto I, on viale della Pineta, begun by Davide Calandra in 1914, completed by Edoardo Rubino and inaugurated in 1926, a bronze equestrian statue on a porphyry base with reliefs of Valour and royal Piety and a veiled Italia mourning the king; the Alpino and the Umile Eroe, on viale Pietro Canonica in front of the Museo Canonica, where Pietro Canonica gave his bronze of the mule Scudela in 1940 and the Alpino was added in 1957; George Byron, about 1959, on via della Pineta, a copy after Bertel Thorvaldsen's statue at Trinity College, Cambridge, with passages from Childe Harold's Pilgrimage on the pedestal; Ferdowsi, 1958, by Sadighi, in marble, given by the city of Tehran; Francisco de Paula Santander, 1961, by Carlos Viejo, given by Colombia; Ahmed Shawqi, 1962, by Gamal El Sagini, given by Cairo's higher council for literature, arts and sciences; Jose Artigas, 1966, a copy after Jose L. Zorilla, given by the Italo-Uruguayan association; Garcilaso de la Vega, 1967, by Joaquin Roca Rey, given by the Peruvian committee; Aleksandr Pushkin, 2000, by Yuri Orekow, given by the city of Moscow; Nikolaj Gogol, 2002, by Zurab Tsereteli, given by Russia; Petar Njegos, 2005, a copy after Sreten Stojanovic, given by Montenegro; Henryk Sienkiewicz, 2006, by Czeslaw Dzwigaj, for the Archconfraternity of Archers of Krakow with the Polish embassy's patronage, replacing an earlier Sienkiewicz; and Nizami Ganjavi, 2012, by Salxab Mammadov and Ali Ibadullayev, given by Azerbaijan. There are also a stele to Jose Marti and Garibaldi of 1983 on Viale Madama Letizia and a stele to George Washington of 2000 on Viale Giorgio Washington.