The Presidio, San Francisco: Fort Point, Crissy Field, the Main Post and the coast batteries
The Presidio, California
The Presidio is federal parkland in San Francisco, founded as a Spanish post in 1776 and part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area since 1994. The National Park Service writes that the Presidio served as an army post for three nations. The Presidio was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, reference number 66000232, certified 15 October 1966. Its named places group around the Main Post on Moraga Avenue, with the Officers' Club, the Presidio Theatre and the Walt Disney Family Museum; around Crissy Field and Fort Point on the shore, with the Presidio Visitor Center at 210 Lincoln Boulevard; around Fort Winfield Scott and the coast batteries above Baker Beach; and around Mountain Lake, Lobos Creek Valley and the planted forest inland.
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sight
Built between 1853 and 1861 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, reference number 70000146, certified 16 October 1970; open Thursday to Monday, 10:00am to 5:00pm.
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Open every day 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 210 Lincoln Boulevard, with a three-dimensional model of the park, maps in English, Spanish and Chinese, and Braille brochures.
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walk
The landscape over the Presidio Parkway tunnels, whose named grounds include the Outpost, the Field Station, Outpost Meadow Picnic Area, Picnic Place, East Meadow and West Lawn.
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walk
The former army airfield along Mason Street, laid out to a plan approved in 1921 and opened to the public in May 2001.
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sight
Armed in 1904 and holding Six-Inch Rifled Gun No. 9, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, reference number 79000255; loading demonstrations 11AM to 3PM on the first full weekend of the month.
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sight
Andy Goldsworthy's work of 2008 on the Bay Area Ridge Trail near the Arguello Gate, built from 37 Monterey cypress trunks and rising more than 90 feet.
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walk
A one-mile walk between Funston Avenue at Presidio Boulevard and the Presidio Boulevard Gate, over a brick footbridge across the Tennessee Hollow creek.
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sight
Adobe walls of the 1790s at 50 Moraga Avenue, with heritage exhibitions open Friday to Sunday, 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., and no ticket.
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sight
Built in 1939 by the U.S. Army with WPA funding at 99 Moraga Avenue; it showed Maverick on 28 August 1994 and reopened in September 2019.
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At 104 Montgomery Street in a Main Post barracks building, open Thursday to Sunday, 10am to 5:30pm, with last entry at 4:30pm.
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Set aside by General Order 133, with a first known American burial in 1854; it reached its present 28.34 acres in 1932 and is maintained by the Department of Veterans Affairs.
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Open 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. seven days a week, with rivets, workers' hard hats and a 12-foot stainless steel test tower of 1933.
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food
A park store and café at 983 Marine Drive, at the west end of Crissy Field, serving tea, hot chocolate and Equator Coffee.
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stay
A hotel at 42 Moraga Avenue with 22 rooms, 17 of them suites with gas fireplaces and sleeper sofas.
The Main Post
The Presidio Officers' Club stands at 50 Moraga Avenue. Its adobe walls date to the 1790s, the building was first rebuilt around 1847, and the wooden assembly room known today as the Moraga room was completed in 1885. A Mission Revival remodelling followed with Works Progress Administration funding in the 1930s, and a tower was added in the early 1970s. The heritage exhibitions open Friday to Sunday, 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., with no ticket.
The Old Post Hospital of 1864 carries both Italianate and Greek Revival detail; an octagonal surgical tower with windows on all sides was added in 1897, and the building housed the Presidio Army Museum from 1974 until February 2000. The Golden Gate Club was dedicated in 1949 as a service club for enlisted personnel, behind a Spanish Colonial Revival exterior. The Presidio Theatre, at 99 Moraga Avenue, was built in 1939 by the U.S. Army with WPA funding; the last film it showed was Maverick, on 28 August 1994. Between 2017 and 2019 excavation doubled its usable space and the proscenium arch was moved forward, and it reopened in September 2019.
The Walt Disney Family Museum occupies 104 Montgomery Street and opens Thursday to Sunday, 10am to 5:30pm, with last entry at 4:30pm and extended Monday hours from Memorial Day to Labor Day. Andy Goldsworthy's Tree Fall of 2013 sits in the vault of the Powder Magazine, Building 95: a eucalyptus felled for the Presidio Parkway project, worked with clay drawn from the surrounding land. At 1 Letterman Drive, Letterman General Hospital was built between 1899 and 1902 and renamed for the Union Army's Surgeon General in 1911. Two hotels trade on the post: the Inn at the Presidio at 42 Moraga Avenue and the Lodge at the Presidio at 105 Montgomery Street.
The shore, the batteries and the woodlands
Fort Point stands under the south approach of the Golden Gate Bridge at Long Avenue and Marine Drive, built between 1853 and 1861 by the U.S. Army Engineers as a Third System masonry fort. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 16 October 1970, reference number 70000146, and opens Thursday to Monday, 10:00am to 5:00pm, with roof access closing at 4:30pm. Strauss's arch carried the bridge over it. The Golden Gate Bridge Welcome Center opens 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. seven days a week, except Thanksgiving and Christmas, and holds rivets, workers' hard hats and a 12-foot stainless steel test tower of 1933. The bridge measures 8,981 feet in total length, with a main span of 4,200 feet, towers 746 feet above the water and a roadway 62 feet wide.
Crissy Field was laid out where the outline of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition racetrack was still visible; the plan was approved in 1921 and carried out under the supervision of Henry "Hap" Arnold, and Douglas O-25 aircraft replaced the De Havillands in 1930. Planning and fundraising began in earnest in 1994 and the ground opened to the public in May 2001. The Crissy Field Center works from Building 603 along Mason Street, a restored tidal marsh lies on the east side of the former airfield, and the Warming Hut is a park store and café at 983 Marine Drive.
Fort Winfield Scott was established on 19 June 1912 as a coast artillery post, and the National Park Service records seventeen Endicott-era gun batteries constructed, armed and manned between 1891 and 1946. Battery East was begun in 1873 and took 8-inch rifled Rodman cannon during the Spanish-American War in 1898; its earthworks and brick-lined magazines are still standing. Battery West was completed by 1873 with twelve 15-inch Rodman cannon. Battery Chamberlin, at the north end of Baker Beach, was completed and armed in 1904 with four six-inch guns on disappearing carriages, and holds Six-Inch Rifled Gun No. 9, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, reference number 79000255, certified 7 February 1979.
Inland the ground is planted and watered. The Army planted the hills with pine, cypress and eucalyptus from the 1880s through the 1940s. Mountain Lake was the campsite of the Anza settlement party in 1776 and a source of fresh water for San Francisco in the town's early years. A flume from Lobos Creek supplied the town in its early days, and El Polín Spring feeds the creek that runs down Tennessee Hollow under the brick footbridge on Lovers' Lane. The San Francisco National Cemetery lies within the post, and the World War II West Coast Memorial was dedicated on 29 November 1960.
Getting there
Start at the Presidio Visitor Center, 210 Lincoln Boulevard, San Francisco, CA 94129, which is open every day from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. and closed on Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's Day. It holds a large three-dimensional model of the Presidio with touch screens, wall-sized digital displays and an interactive digital table, with maps in English, Spanish and Chinese, audio tours and Braille brochures; the restrooms are next door in the Presidio Transit Center. Presidio Tunnel Tops, the landscape built over the Presidio Parkway tunnels, carries the same address, and its named grounds include the Outpost, the Field Station, Outpost Meadow Picnic Area, Picnic Place, East Meadow and West Lawn.
The Presidio Trust runs the Presidio GO Shuttle, formerly the PresidiGo Shuttle, on two routes, and states that it is free. The Downtown Route runs round trip between the Presidio Transit Center and downtown San Francisco, seven days a week, from 6 a.m. to 7 p.m. on weekdays and 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. at weekends. The South Hills Route makes stops around the park, from 6 a.m. to 7 p.m. on weekdays and 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. at weekends. The Trust states that hourly and daily paid parking is available at lots near the Presidio Visitor Center and at other destinations in the park.
The named places on the post carry street addresses. Fort Point, Long Avenue and Marine Drive, San Francisco, CA 94129. The Presidio Officers' Club, 50 Moraga Avenue. The Presidio Theatre, 99 Moraga Avenue. The Walt Disney Family Museum, 104 Montgomery Street. The Warming Hut, 983 Marine Drive. Letterman General Hospital's site, 1 Letterman Drive. The Presidio Golf Course, 300 Finley Rd. Rob Hill Campground, 1475 Central Magazine Road. The Inn at the Presidio, 42 Moraga Avenue, and the Lodge at the Presidio, 105 Montgomery Street.
The places without street addresses are found by the features around them. Battery Chamberlin is at the north end of Baker Beach. Spire stands on the Bay Area Ridge Trail near the Arguello Gate. Wood Line lies by the intersection of Presidio Boulevard and West Pacific Avenue, off Lovers' Lane, which runs one mile between Funston Avenue at Presidio Boulevard and the Presidio Boulevard Gate.
Frequently asked questions
- When is Fort Point open, and what is it?
- Fort Point is a Third System masonry fort at Long Avenue and Marine Drive, built between 1853 and 1861 by the U.S. Army Engineers. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, reference number 70000146, certified 16 October 1970. The National Park Service gives opening Thursday to Monday, 10:00am to 5:00pm, with roof access closing at 4:30pm, and closure on Thanksgiving, Christmas Day and New Year's Day. The Golden Gate Bridge passes over it on Strauss's arch.
- Where should I start, and what is at the visitor centre?
- The Presidio Visitor Center is at 210 Lincoln Boulevard, San Francisco, CA 94129, open every day from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. and closed on Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's Day. It holds a large three-dimensional model of the Presidio with touch screens, wall-sized digital displays and an interactive digital table. Maps are given in English, Spanish and Chinese, with audio tours and Braille brochures. The restrooms are next door in the Presidio Transit Center. Presidio Tunnel Tops shares the address; its named grounds include the Outpost, the Field Station, Outpost Meadow Picnic Area, Picnic Place, East Meadow and West Lawn.
- What here carries a register citation?
- The Presidio was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, reference number 66000232, certified 15 October 1966. Fort Point is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, reference number 70000146, certified 16 October 1970. Six-Inch Rifled Gun No. 9, which stands in emplacement number four at Battery Chamberlin, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, reference number 79000255, certified 7 February 1979, under the register address Baker Beach.
- What are the Andy Goldsworthy works in the Presidio?
- Spire, of 2008, was built from the trunks of 37 Monterey cypress trees felled in the Presidio's reforestation; it is fifteen feet in diameter and rises more than 90 feet. It stands on the Bay Area Ridge Trail near the Arguello Gate. Wood Line, of 2011, is eucalyptus branches laid in a sloping, sinuous curve through a standing eucalyptus grove near Lovers' Lane, by the intersection of Presidio Boulevard and West Pacific Avenue. Tree Fall, of 2013, is a eucalyptus felled for the Presidio Parkway project and worked with clay drawn from the surrounding land, in the vault of the Powder Magazine, Building 95, on the Main Post.
- Can I camp or stay in the Presidio?
- Rob Hill Campground, 1475 Central Magazine Road, San Francisco, CA 94129, has four group campsites taking a maximum of 30 people each. It opens for public tent camping from 1 April to 31 October and takes day-use picnic reservations from November to March. Army records show monarch butterflies overwintering in the eucalyptus near it. Two hotels trade on the Main Post: the Inn at the Presidio at 42 Moraga Avenue, which has 22 rooms, 17 of them suites with gas fireplaces and sleeper sofas; and the Lodge at the Presidio at 105 Montgomery Street, for which no source states a room count or opening hours, so none are given here.
- What is the Golden Gate Bridge Welcome Center, and what does the bridge measure?
- The Golden Gate Bridge Welcome Center stands at the south end of the bridge plaza and opens 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. seven days a week, except Thanksgiving and Christmas. It holds construction artefacts, among them rivets and workers' hard hats, and a 12-foot stainless steel test tower of 1933. The bridge itself measures 8,981 feet in total length, with a main span of 4,200 feet, towers standing 746 feet above the water and a roadway 62 feet wide.
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Connected pages
Nearby
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Marina District, San Francisco: the Palace of Fine Arts, Fort Mason and the exposition ground
· Marina District, California
The neighbour across Lyon Street, holding Fort Mason and the Palace of Fine Arts.
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Pacific Heights, San Francisco: the Haas-Lilienthal House, two twelve-acre parks and a ridge of numbered houses
· Pacific Heights, California
The neighbour that carries the Lyon Street Steps.
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Inner Richmond, San Francisco: Clement Street, the Columbarium and the Richmond branch library
· Inner Richmond, California
The neighbourhood along Clement Street and the Presidio Heights edge, which holds Mountain Lake Park.
Same region
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Ocean Beach, San Francisco: the strand, Sutro Heights, the Sutro Baths ruins and Lands End
· Ocean Beach, California
The other Golden Gate National Recreation Area shore in the city, with Lands End, Sutro Heights Park and the Sutro Baths ruins.
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Golden Gate Park, San Francisco: the Music Concourse, the gardens, Stow Lake and the windmills
· Golden Gate Park, California
The city's other large park, with the Beach Chalet, the Dutch and Murphy windmills and the Japanese Tea Garden.